孙子兵法8-13（中英对照）
平陆处易，右背高，前死后生，此处平陆之军也。
In dry, level country, take up an easily accessible position with rising ground to your right and on your rear, so that the danger may be in front, and safety lie behind. So much for campaigning in flat country.
凡此四军之利，黄帝之所以胜四帝也。
These are the four useful branches of military knowledge which enabled the Yellow Emperor to vanquish four several sovereigns.
凡军好高而恶下，贵阳而贱阴，
All armies prefer high ground to low and sunny places to dark.
养生而处实，军无百疾，是谓必胜。
If you are careful of your men, and camp on hard ground, the army will be free from disease of every kind, and this will spell victory.
丘陵堤防，必处其阳而右背之，此兵之利，地之助也。
When you come to a hill or a bank, occupy the sunny side, with the slope on your right rear. Thus you will at once act for the benefit of your soldiers and utilize the natural advantages of the ground.
上雨水流至，欲涉者，待其定也。
When, in consequence of heavy rains up-country, a river which you wish to ford is swollen and flecked with foam, you must wait until it subsides.
凡地有绝涧、天井、天牢、天罗、天陷、天隙，必亟去之，勿近也。
Country in which there are precipitous cliffs with torrents running between, deep natural hollows, confined places, tangled thickets, quagmires and crevasses, should be left with all possible speed and not approached.
吾远之，敌近之；吾迎之，敌背之。
While we keep away from such places, we should get the enemy to approach them; while we face them, we should let the enemy have them on his rear.
军旁有险阻、潢井、蒹葭、小林、□①荟者，必谨覆索之，此伏奸之所处也。
If in the neighborhood of your camp there should be any hilly country, ponds surrounded by aquatic grass, hollow basins filled with reeds, or woods with thick undergrowth, they must be carefully routed out and searched; for these are places where men in ambush or insidious spies are likely to be lurking.
敌近而静者，恃其险也；
When the enemy is close at hand and remains quiet, he is relying on the natural strength of his position.
远而挑战者，欲人之进也；
When he keeps aloof and tries to provoke a battle, he is anxious for the other side to advance.
其所居易者，利也；
If his place of encampment is easy of access, he is tendering a bait.
众树动者，来也；众草多障者，疑也；
Movement amongst the trees of a forest shows that the enemy is advancing. The appearance of a number of screens in the midst of thick grass means that the enemy wants to make us suspicious.
鸟起者，伏也；兽骇者，覆也；
The rising of birds in their flight is the sign of an ambuscade. Startled beasts indicate that a sudden attack is coming.
尘高而锐者，车来也；卑而广者，徒来也；散而条达者，樵采也；少而往来者，营军也；
When there is dust rising in a high column, it is the sign of chariots advancing; when the dust is low, but spread over a wide area, it betokens the approach of infantry. When it branches out in different directions, it shows that parties have been sent to collect firewood. A few clouds of dust moving to and fro signify that the army is encamping.
辞卑而备者，进也；辞强而进驱者，退也；
Humble words and increased preparations are signs that the enemy is about to advance. Violent language and driving forward as if to the attack are signs that he will retreat.
轻车先出居其侧者，陈也；
When the light chariots come out first and take up a position on the wings, it is a sign that the enemy is forming for battle.
无约而请和者，谋也；
Peace proposals unaccompanied by a sworn covenant indicate a plot.
奔走而陈兵者，期也；
When there is much running about and the soldiers fall into rank, it means that the critical moment has come.
半进半退者，诱也；
When some are seen advancing and some retreating, it is a lure.
杖而立者，饥也；
When the soldiers stand leaning on their spears, they are faint from want of food.
汲而先饮者，渴也；
If those who are sent to draw water begin by drinking themselves, the army is suffering from thirst.
见利而不进者，劳也；
If the enemy sees an advantage to be gained and makes no effort to secure it, the soldiers are exhausted.
鸟集者，虚也；夜呼者，恐也；
If birds gather on any spot, it is unoccupied. Clamor by night betokens nervousness.
军扰者，将不重也；旌旗动者，乱也；吏怒者，倦也；
If there is disturbance in the camp, the general's authority is weak. If the banners and flags are shifted about, sedition is afoot. If the officers are angry, it means that the men are weary.
杀马肉食者，军无粮也；悬□②不返其舍者，穷寇也；
When an army feeds its horses with grain and kills its cattle for food, and when the men do not hang their cooking-pots over the camp-fires, showing that they will not return to their tents, you may know that they are determined to fight to the death.
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